A Precision 3lf2 Digit Multimeter

'. ooe 35A D g :a · u11meter IS a 3 2 a g: ns:rume 1U"at

1'1as oeue• accuracy (0 1°o) man Mooe 76,!, a N ae·fre

Q:;ency range for ac s gna.s (to 100 f.HZ) and t11gher sensl! vsty

1or res stance rreasuremef'ts (10-rnll resolut1on) 1: measures de and ac volts wttr full-scale rarges from 200rrV :o 1200V res sra ce troiT' 200 lull-scale to 20 Mfl, a!ld de ana ac cc.•rent rang ng f•orr. 200 JLA fu -sea e to 2000 m!. w th automat c po anty nd ca;1on ana e tner ma!'lua or a..rof"la:c range se ec· ton (excep:Nner. measur rg cu•ren:) Llgne· a ront-oane an nunc ators snoN me ;unction ana range se ecreo

An optiona • toucrH"lO d prooe enao es avo rage read1ng to be reta•neo Of' 01splawllen a pushoutton sw tch on &ne orobe bOO)' 1s pressed. Th1s lacrll!ates measurements n s.ruavons where 11 may be d1ff1cult to hold the probe 1n pos1t1on wn11e loo1<1ng away to read the measurement

Press1ng the button on the probe grounds the amperes 1nput.

wh1ch 1s convened to a log1c Input whenever the instrument IS switched to e1ther the de or ac volts mode. Ground1ng the amperes 1nput1nterrupts the voltmeter's log1c c1rcu1ts so voltage sampling IS stoppeo and the most recent read1ng 1s reta1ned on

an atlenuator, usi ng a switched feedback network for the various ranges as shown in F'ig. 4a. The opera tional amplifier establishes a virtual ground at the summing point at its inverting input where the switches are. The problem with MOS transistor back-gate bias is thus eliminated. The problem with the ON resistance remains, however. The ON resis tance in series with the 1-kO resistor of Fig. 4a must satisfy the following relationship if it is to introduce less than a one-count error in a fu11-scale reading in a

2000-cou n t (31/2-digit) voltmeter:

R .;:; 1000!1_ 0.50

ON 2000

This is a value much lower than that realizable at the present lime.

The effect of the MOS transistor ON resistance can be reduced significantly by shifting the summing

c spay t:.e.eas ";j e ouuon resto•es norfTla ope·«tor

Mooe 3435,:.. s powe·eo oy a sea ed eao-ac d storage ba'·

tery tnat cag 'e more than 10 "'ou•s o!cor.n· uous operat on

\', :non y 12 '-ou•s rech&•ge (abu It- n cnargens rcluded) W th a nev. n gh-er c ePcy LEDd spay thevo tme:er o ss1pa•esonly three watts not only extend rg batte·y ll'e Ol..ot a so enhanc ng

accuracy. stab ard re ab ty by keep '1Q ":.err a tempera tures ow

Mode 3 35!. uses te f ne·ne res srors anc the s ng e re•erence A-•o-D converted· escr bed n ·r.eaccompan} ng ar tie e giV ng rt h•gn-grade performance a1 ow cos; Serv c ng

ana ca 10•a:.on costs a•e also ow because :here are on! our potent ometers ana rwo capac,:ors tha;requ readJUStment dur Ing rout1ne ca. brat1on procedures

The nstrument1s housed 1n a tough plast1c case. well sUited for appllcallons reqUJnng portab1l1ty The carry1ng handle dou

bles as a bail, be1ng able to rotate through 15 pos111ons, each

secured by a pos1t1ve IOCk1ng detent An opuonal vers1on (Opt

002) 1s 1n a modular cab1net that can be rackeo or stacked wnh orher HP modu1ar 1ns•ruments (see pt1oto be ow)

point to the other side of the MOS switches and then using additional MOS switches to connect the ap propriate summing point to the amplifier's inverting input, as shown in fig. 4b. The 0!\: resistance of a MOS switch in series with the 10-MO input resistance easily satisfies the relationship (for a 1-count error in a 2000-counl voltmeter):

R .;:; 10X 106!1 = 50000

ON 2000

The switches between the summing points and the amplifier's inverting input contribute negligible er rors because very little current flows through them.

To prevent errors from source-to-substrate leakage currents in the OFF switches, the MOS switch fabrica tion process must be carefully controlled. A 200-mV input to the attenuator of Fig. 4 results in a mere 20 nA flowing through the 10-MO resistor. This corres· ponds to 10 pA per count in a 2000-count volt-

0.1-lOOOV Input

•

.. ........

lkH

10k0 tookn tMn

10MO

meter. Thus, the sum of all leakage currents must be less than 10 pA to avoid errors from this source.

Lower-Cost Circuits

New ideas in circuit design continue to reduce the number and precision of parts used in multimeters. An example is the dual-slope A-to-D converter widely used in digital multimeters. A simplified diagram of one such converter is shown in Fig. 5. If Rl and S2 were removed from this diagram, the result would be

an autozeroed single-polarity (V10 0) converter of

tOMO Lo

(a)

tkn

O.IV

Output

traditional design.

The conversion cycle starts in autozero with Sl to ground and the voltage building up on C2 causing the current flow through Cl to go to zero. The resulting voltage on Cl is the difference between the integrator

and comparator offset.

(b)

tOM O

10MO

56 510

• •

Next, S4 opens with C2 holding the zeroing voltage and Sl connects to the input voltage. Integrator capacitor Cl now charges for a fixed time established by the control circuit. Then, Sl switches to ground, S3 closes, and C1 discharges until it reaches the au tozero voltage. At this time, the comparator changes states signaling the end of discharge. The time to discharge is proportional to the input voltage.

Dual-polarity operation has been added to this basic circuit by switching R2 to a -lOV reference or by using an op amp circuit that inverts the +lOV

Fig. 4. (a) Range-switching arrangement. (b) Modiftcalion that reduces effect of M05-tranststor ··on·· resistance. Here,

51 and 56 are swttched on to select one range, S2 and 57 (not shown) select another, and so on to 55 and 510.

reference to create a negative reference, or by charg ing a capacitor with the +10V reference and switch ing both ends of the capacitor to create a negative reference. The same result can be accomplished by

Input

..... C1

Comparator and Slope Amplif ier

Voltage

Input

Amplif ier 53 52

R 2( = Rl) A t

+10V .. Reference

Integrator '"7

Amplifier If

Autozero _l_

Amplifier '\1

To Logic

Circuits

Switch No.

54 OH

51 OH

52 On

53 On

Autozero Run-up

Indicates Logic for V;n<O

Indica tes Logic Modification for V;n>O

Run-down

swttchmg to a negative reference.

Extending the Ranges of a Di gital l\tlultimeter

Presen•-oao g ta mu • meters typiCa

ranges 'o• eacn funct bu by ta' ng aov an;age o' t : g!l

pvt rr.peda ces and ow put bas cu•re..,•s cha•ac•e• ...t c o1 tOday s mu 'lfT'eters th vo •meter moee. res star.ces and curren·s beyond those spec r.ed tor the mu 1rr:e·e· ca" be

rr>asurea

Very High Resistances

Res•stancewe I liO •":e g•gaohm reg•or are eas ly made w•th the a•d 01 an externar source and the se1-up snown .n the d•agram The mult•meter •s 1n the de volts mode

RoMM (10Mfl)

DMM

The unknown •S found by eva uat.ng the formula

R R ( vJ > cE-vo"v )

• - l ,.... v

DIIV,

For example, 1f VsouRCE •s 10V de R0,1v •s 10 Mn and Vo•m •s

100 mV

R, = 10Mn( .!Q QJ_ ) = 990 Mn
01
If the DMM •nput resistance 1s very h1gh, say > 1o•o. 11 1s a s1mple matter to arnve at reasonable numbers by paralleling the
1npu1 w•th a 10 Mn res1stor

Very Low Currents

A d1g1tal mult1meter can be used 1n lhe de volls mode as a nanoammeter where the mulllmeter s 1nput res1stance serves as lhe current shunt, as shown 1n lhe d1agram below

1.111MH RoMM (10Mfl)

OMM

using only Rl a nd $2, as shown in Fig. 5. S2 is left on during autozero so the effect of its current is nulled, just lik e other currents flowing in to the integrator. S2 is left closed continuousl y until a negative current is required at th e integrator. Then by opening SZ, t he removal of the precis ion positi ve current through Rl appears to th e integrator like the application of a precisi on negative current.

Acknowledgments

Con tri b u tors to th e desig n of the Mod el 34 76A Digi-

-he ..mknown cur•en· s der ved b eva a:"':;; tne·o m a

"'v.

Ro· '-1

If VoM'..4 we•e 100 rnV and RcMM .vere 1C • .n ,1o. u d oe 10.A

It :he nput 1•.ere para e ed t1-J a 1 111 Mn res stor.the e"ecilve

Rilw1 wouldDe 1 Mn ana me rnult me!e• would;r:en read mnano
amperes o•rectt y

Pitfalls

Obv•ously, a manufacturer could Include 1hese ranges •n the ong1nal des•gn Why doesn'l he? The pnmary hm1t1ng factor s Input b•as current No matter how good the 1nput ampl1f1er may be, !here IS a small amount of b1as current typ•cally 10 to
100 pA, that can Interfere w1th the measurement. and thiS cur
rent can change drastically w1th temperature A vottage read
•ng taken wnh the unknown Impedance connected wh1le no s•gnalIS applied will 1nd•cate lhe amount of error attrbutable to tne •nput b•as current
A second hm111ng factor •s the voltage appl.ed 1n the ohms mode To prevent component damage 1n •he c•rcLut under test,
the open-c•rcun voilage of most DMMs 1n tne ohms mooe 1s
hm•ted to 5 volts de No suchconstra•nt ex•sts w'ten an externa
source •s used but the operator snou•devaluate the poss1b1 •t es lor damage beforehand Also,11 very h1gh voltages are used tor very h•gh res•stances. prudent sh•eld1ng should be the rule and a h1gn-qua 11y capac•tor ought ro be connected across :he mult.meter mput 10 reduce no1se

Trading Resolution for Reduced Burden

There are t•mes when mak1ng measuremems of current or res1stance at less than 10% of full scale may result •n more mean1ngful results. In measurements of current. for example, a typ•cal voltage burden (voltage drop across the DMM •nput lerm•nals) of 100 mV would be reduced to 10 mV by sw1tch1ng to the next h1gher range Measuremenl accuracy and resolut•on are reduced by a factor of 10. but may st1ll be h1gh enough for many measurements The disturbance to the measurement
caused by the voltage burden. on the other hand, IS also re
duced so ml?'lSLifemE>nt accuracy may actuallbe •ncreased
For res1s1ance measurements. a typ1cat 1-volt burden IS re
duced to 0 1 voiJ oy go•ng to the next higher range In many

•nstances thiS would reduce errors caused by conduc•,on •n sol•d-state dev•ces. aga•n enhanc•ng accuracy

tal Multimeter were Roy Buck, Tom Mills, Mike Al lender , a nd Don Aupperl e (industrial design); t o the Mod el 34 35A, Bill Hale, Gary Stadele, Bob Jarvis. Marsh Fa ber, Bob Moomaw , Bob Livengood, Ed Pen nington , John Shea , Dave Connell , and Jim Berry (in du stri a l desig n ); to the Model 3465A, Craig Walters (Group leader). Ed Pennington , Francis Fiedler, Jim Fulbright, and John Pennington (industrial design). Bob Jeremiasen devel oped the fine-line, thin-film re sistor sets.

1-p.V Resolution in a Low-Cost 4 1/z

Digit Multirneter

Mooe 3465AtB D1g1tal Multlmeter has a 20-mV full-sea e de voltage range that g1ves a resolut1on of 1 p.V very useful for measunng the outputs of stra•n gages and thermocouples or dnft 1n prec1S10nvoltage sources Themax1murr resolution onac voltage measurements os 10 p.V. on measurements of current (ac or de) IllS 10 nA,and on res1stance measurements,10 mn Open-c,rcu't voltage on the most sens1t1ve ohms range does not exceed 5 volts to prevent damage to most semiconductor de VIces.

Midrange de accuracy 1s ::::0 02% :::: 1 d1g1t The frequency range for ac measurements Is 40 Hz to 20 kHz.

Model 3465AIB IS manual rang1ng w1th aulopolanty and au

tozero. Like Model 3435A, 11 can work with the optional "touch hold" probe to reta1n a measured value on display whenever the pushbutton on the probe IS pushed

Roy D. Barker

Roy Barker graduated wuhaBSEE degree from the Un1verS1IY oiOk lahoma 1n 1962 and worked n satellite-tracking InStrumentation and mterowave data 1ni<s before J01n1ng Hew,ett-PacK.ard 1n 1967

At HP,Roy was 1mt:a ly 1nvolved 1n producllon eng1neer ng 'hen be· came 1nvolved 1n IC des1gn and production before oecom1ng sec lion manager for d1g11a1 voltmeters In h1s off hours. Roy ht<es to go cross-country skung,often w1thh1s w1fe and 8-year-old son. and he also en1oys woodwork1ng

Th1s mu111meter IS ava1lable 1n two versiOns. Model3465A 1S 1n a modular cab,netthat IS read1ly comb1ned w1th other modu es for rack mounting or bench stack1ng It has a var.ety of power options, nclud,ng rechargable N1cad battenes w1th 1nterna1

charger. throw-away type-D dry cells (alkaline cells g1ve 60 hours continuous operat1on), or ac Ine The dry-cell vers1oncan also operate on de supplied from hand-held calculator battery chargers

Model 34656 IS housed 1n a streamlined plastic case w1th carry1ng handle It IS powered by ac line and rechargable N1cad battenes

Like Models 3476A and 3435A, Model 3465AIB ach1eves

quality performance at low cost by extensive use of computer aided test1ng, laser-tr1mmed f1ne-line resistors in the attenuator, and a smgle-reference b1polar A-to-O convener.

J]]]]J ]]]]]JJ

VIrgil L. Laing

Vlfgil La1ng first worked 1n IC de·

velopment upon J01n1ng HP m

1968 subsequently becommg project leader for the NMOS pro cess used lor the 9800-ser,es Cal culator ROMs He ;hendes1gneo a maJor part of the IC used on the

970A Probe Mu wneter Then he became project manager

for the Model 3435A Muoumeter

He has bachelors. master's. and PhD oegrees in e1ectncal en gmeer ng, all from the Umvers1ty of Minnesota Virgil enjoys the Col-

- orado outdoors. go1ng pheasant hun11ng and tak1ng h1s fam1ly on h1k1ng and campmg tnps

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•IMeh.C-0o1 ooa 1•e '• :10'1,... ol'!l.,,,lltM$l5 J llZA rOi.IVI*' oiOP oo.

Joe E. Marriott

A 1969 graduate of the University of Utah (BSEE). Joe Marnott JOined HP that same year, going to work on the Model3403A True rms Voltmeter Returntng to HP followtng a tour of duty With the National Guard, Joe contnbuted to the 970A and3465A Voltmeters. While working on the 3476A/B

Joe became pro,eclmanager. Along 1he wa y, he earned an MSEE degree at Colorado State Un1vers11y inIhe HP Honors Co-op program Marned and with a

2-year-old oaughter, Joe cross- country skts. hikes. plays volleyball. and occasionally does some photography

H. Mac Juneau

Mac Juneau jotned HP in 1967. go1ng to work on the Model 3480A Oig1tal Voltmeter and !hen on high-speed A-to-O converters as proJect manager For three years. Mac was product assurance manager w1th time out as proJeCt manager for the Model 3476A Mulllmeter He IS now manager of the HP Loveland fac1ililes IC lab He has a BSEE degree from Swarthmore College (Philadelphia) and MSEE and PhD degrees from the University of Minnesota. With

children 8 and 5, Mac contnbuted to a school playground destgn He also does some woodwork Ing and creates welded sculptures

SPECIFICATIONS

Renget

tiP ModelJ.465AIB DigitalMuiUmeter

OC Voltmeter

MUI"'Oilpte

Rlllif•

20otl

,..,

2001:fl

2000,0

20t.IO

Ohmmeter

M.,u.n.n,.u.mOltpley

19 999

1&999

1999..9

TEJtp£AATURE COEFRCtEN(lO"C :o WCJ

.:OOQ!.o..ot rN.Oo'IQ .:. 2dgil.

INPUT tMPEDA.NCE• I Mfi••-<100 pF

INPUT TYP!.! nCNIIII"Q,500'/tnal:il'nu( Dn;r!Qrl to QIOI.ftO

OVERLOAD PAOTEOTJQN; <It, 600V tNUF .e. 5/JrN tn11 BQO'J Clf:'6

AUP S£ nMEl 5S&COMd1IO W'!hlrl I d91

.:-20mV

.:200m\!

=-2'J

.....

SEH.SJTIVIn'· 10I"'! OIIft'l on ,

IHPllt ltAOrt-enoN:35CIV 101: • .11t:'f250V rms

ve•

AC CLirrent

...A1mum Dlo'plly

19999

m 19.999

ACCYRAC'f C1

23"C - 5"C@ fl1l

_-2,0_0V,

199119

1000.0

Fl..,g.

20011

2'<llbfV2 MO

SpKlfltwtioa•

...t)_ offN(YIQ-201Q!IS

.:.O. cl tU01l!f· l (llgll

1.999

.1.9.9.9.9.

SEKSil1VITV: 1 "11>00\-olt 0.11ot.w1 ID1'191

MAXtMUM NPUT:10001/ll'IA.ll ck and po:ak oc

POl.A.RITY Au tlbt:e!IV !>lt1ICI d•spW!yeo.

ACCURACY (t yeti 23C d'C al 95R' HI

R•no•

200mV""11"1'r"u 200V

lOOOV

fEMPlA,t.TlJRf COEFFtC1EHT iO'C lo 60'C).

oooo:;. Oi'ee.oifiO"C.

INPUT R.ESISTANCL

VInnt2V

20V 11""..1 ,OOOV

Spetlt\.aiJon•

.:0.03<;. o!fMr:ling :. 2 dg':s

.:002'1\. 01 re&di"Q :. 1 digl

o02Sol rtedng - 1 0.011

51)telf1Ct11101'11

•10''11

10M()- 1"-

.l::! MU

TEMPERATURE COEFFICI£1'n" lO'C 10 5Q"Ci

Rl1'191

0011111111; 2 M!!

20 on

(;ONRQURATIDN: 2·.wile OPENCfRCUfT VOllAGE: c 5V m.v. CUfiAtHT THROUGHUHKNOW'N:

Rang• Oun•M

2>0 ,,..

20,0 ..

<ooo•o .....

..MU

:.0 1...o!·eldlng"' 1 a.:;u

c.uo'"

"0001!'r.VtNd!'QtC

:()of r ingf"C

SEJ.IStnVITY:IOi""AOn stt5rogt.

MAXIhW M IN'PUT::CA lr01n '"250Vs.ouo:ee (l.IM ed) ull.-cal tto tOJd-U

oeereUII'lg line ; so-.tvl!eale at 2011Hz Ot\llfWtlst3raoges 2kHt ma..on.

200mA •ai"Q" 1 kMt mil:" 00'1 2000.:M 111rr,a-

ACCURACY 1 )'tl&f,Zl'C ..- S"C:@ 95 RH>

"!0.l,l N0!"'9

:1Sd'9ils

"()6 lUGnQ

"-0 4.. teadn; -$ O IIS

INPUT TYPE:1\ollll$0QY miP,Imll"l (l(ltmiOf'l lO 0JOUf'ld

NORMAL MODI! f'!:J!CTION -.eo UB i150.·'60 Hl .:- •"•

EFFECTIVE CO.htMOI<t Jit'OO£ J:ltJECnO.. i' IIJ) Ufltli!iii!Cj) :•120 dB 81

S0.'60Ht. ::-.1.._

RESPONSE l1ME• 1tetQnCI 10 wlli'lt di;tl

RESPONSE n M!::2 4nrort0!110 " 1 dg1.

AC Voltmeter

AC COHVERTER< avl!r&a$ r$$DOI!d.ng, tmc. catbrnltQ

......,..

•61Jg!!!

20nA

.000.....

A-l.llt.g.••

'-.::"2-0"n-' ·

DC Current

MeJImI u:mD•I plty

I!J999

1.9r-99

19 .99 9

Aange.s

200mY

>av

"">V

"'""

S£N$1TIVITY: tON; on IO'ft-811 tti"We

Maldmum Olspl•

199.99

19!KI9

19U9

500.0

T!.MP£RATUR£ COEfFJCI£1'fT (C7C 10 SO"C). .e-O ou..qf f'8i<!!I'!QI C

VOLT.A.E 8URDEN:

,A RANGE: <700mV It

At.l arr1ER RANGE$ ...- 50mV II RESPONSE 1\hll:! 5 toton4llO :flin 1 OIQ!l

,,....,.

1mil

M .U MUM INP"UTfut teA to- 10 UU doae tlf'911M!()50ot lull at

20 kKt OJCQIIPI 5QOV '411108 has 2·kHz m11:11i1T1wn lnaqt.oncy

S"C@ 9S'<c AH):

SENSfflmY: tOnA 'CII"' t1wes.1t11ngt:

MAXIMUM INPUT: 2A fllom <2'50V ao.nte (lUte ltd)

POLARITY: AVIOITI IIy $$n&ed and <hP )'911

ACCUAAC'f 11 year, 2:]C· 6'C al 95.._, AH)·

Spetll!utJona

200uA, 2mA -o.07o eetll:lng I 11911

ACOUBAQ't' (1 r-¥.1J•¢ ::

IOAMt

General AEADINO RATE:21? •&&Snp p!lf 5eoand. OVSALOAOINDCI ATION:CSI&;:I.ay &!!ks KUMIDtT'f RANGE:ft 40'0

OPfAAllNG Tll:MPtFtAtURE: O'C io ..55'C (nio..fok&CI!I'II!..rl Wrlllt n

O'C to ...-40'C)

W'tiOJiT; 2J)4 kQ (• t>t.., 8

20mA

ZOOmA,2000tnA.

TEMPERATURE COEF-ftCJENT f(YC 10 WC)

,...,...

2mA,1Qmo\

OOCmA,2000mA

VOLTAGE 8UAOEH

HIGHl RANGE 7V FS.

Al.lOTHE.A ANGES·o:25QtnV FS RESPONSE11ME: 1 ' II lo ....uhln 1 dg.t.

:011--.ol(,.,&ding.:. 16911

:-0.Of tea&ng 1 o

SP"Ific:tUons

;:;0 005'01 rNd"Q"C

--:OOQ.t,Oi t tl13(1if'lQt"'C

-t>OllloOS tt ;ICIII"'IIJ!"C

lnpul

Volt.ge

Ft ncy .:.o.ts'te&6f19 .u,1.5 rt»no

.:.5(%1 .:.SGglls;

' '"'

500V

0Ur £N510HS; 101 6 f!'lfl'l h•gt'l Jt 212.7 ml"l wnclte ""' V9 • rm 09$9 ('.ot 8-3•8

><. 1-lnl .t

POWER:aellle,6&-121V.1 4!JOV;4SJ. I-fl

BATTERIES·l lla!peablo llltk mlu-m &lilnditd

Contlruoua. Ol) .g lime !rom IIA Wrge ll 6 tlovf"l- Rechait'"' ..,.... ,,8

W'll'lln!IIV!III'II otl Tld.\e chefQ.e "Min1nstrumtrl1on

OPTI0N(l(l:2:fyplil 061(,a,IIN'Itl'y otii6(U·2-eellt 111 ElliCipeJ. 1)0 I'!OI.JISOcn!lllUOI4

Ae 111 '3"C l es f&Ceotai:::lt '10 us.- MOC!!'l B2002A oallory •lrrulatof

(820CflA nc(lntlllc:IIGI

JCE )NU.SA. , I

3466A, $630: ()Q( 001 ec line 0111y -s20. - 002, -$105

3.t.!i6B,1500. 34112 TOIRI·Hold Pto1>t $&0.

...._NUFACTUAIHGDIVI$10N: t.OVel..ANO IN$TAUMEH'T DIVISION

81S Fo;meorntn Slrett S.W.

Lch•Ned, CoiQf'ac;tc) aG537 U.S.A-

Hewlett-Packard Company, 1501 Page Mill

Road, Palo Alto, California 94304

FEBRUARY 19n Volume 28 • Number 6

TechnicalInformation from the Laboratories of

Hew!ett.Packllrd Company

Hewletl-Packard Ce llaJ Ma ng Dep;;rtmc l

Var Heuven Goedharilaan 121

Amsrelveen-1134 The Ne!herfanos Yokogawa-Hewlelt·Packaro Lid , SMxJya-Ku Tokyo 151 Jaoan

EditorialDirector o Howard L. Roberta

Managing Editor • Richard P. Dolan

Art Director,Photographer • Arvid A.Danlelaon

Illustrator • Susan E.Wright Admlnlatratl,.Services, Typography • Anne S.LoPrutl European Production Manager o Tlna Eysten

CHANGEOI-AlJUHcS

Bulk Rate US Postage Pard

Hewlett-Packard

Company

To change your address or delere your name from our mali ing lislplease send us your old addresslabel(11peels off) Send changes to Hewle·Packard Journal. 1501 Page Mill Road,Palo Allo, Cantornia 94304 U.S.A. Allow 60 days.